Oh….. that's what you mean. I live in the Netherlands so our school system is somewhat different than the American. Either way, I'll add what I know.
Primary school(4 to 6/7 years old): Everything fine and dandy no real hierarchy or separation among kids (that I noticed being a kid)
Primary school(6/7 to 12/13 years old): I think this is when those cliques happen? It was basically like this although most were part of at least two groups:
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Boys: soccer kids, other sports kids, creative kids, the very active kids on the playground, the ones that get along well with some of the girls, the ones that need attention from everyone all the time, awkward kids
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Girls: sports kids, musically gifted/creative kids (sometimes overlapping sometimes not), the active girls that get along with the boys, the girls that play 'house' and stuff are still active but usually only with other girls, awkward kids, the ones that want attention from everyone
Of course, there was also a lot of bullying at my school that was mostly done by kids a year above mine mostly by a specific group of girls and occasionally an annoying boy.
Middle school (13/14 to 17/20 years old (20 only if following the highest level and being held back one year)): I…. don't know what was going on here in terms of hierarchy. I think there was a 'sports kids' group? There was no real division between genders within the groups. Most contained about as many boys as girls. I know my friend group did and I can say pretty confidently we were the geeky creative kids who hung out by the gym and glared at others. Probably the closest thing you could get to a real-life drama clique because we were also singing and stuff?
student life(17 to whenever): Even more clueless on this one. Like I said I'm largely impartial to the people around me so I don't really notice this kind of thing. I believe here there's still no real separation between genders and that most friend groups are shaped by the associations someone joins.
At this stage, there is no form of intimidation/bullying other than people giving a quick angry glance or pretending not to notice someone because listening to music and this random add is very interesting. Most people just think you do you.
General: in general, the lowest on the chain of command (in the Netherlands) for both genders are the once that don't fit the mould. The once with strange hobbies and the quiet once but they do tend to flock together as I did. In some cases, this includes sexual orientation (gay marriage has been legal here for decades, we're pretty much fine with it) or physical appearance but it is more likely being an Otaku or being very interested in robots and programming like some of my friends.